在CentOS系统中如何安装使用图形化界面
随着计算机技术的不断发展,图形化界面已经成为了操作系统的主流,相比于命令行界面,图形化界面更加直观、易于操作,因此越来越多的人开始使用图形化界面,本文将介绍如何在CentOS系统中安装和使用图形化界面。
安装图形化界面
1、更新系统软件包
在安装图形化界面之前,我们需要先确保系统的软件包是最新的,打开终端,输入以下命令:
sudo yum update -y
2、安装GNOME桌面环境
CentOS默认使用的是GNOME桌面环境,我们可以通过以下命令来安装:
sudo yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" -y
3、设置系统默认启动为图形界面
安装完成后,我们需要将系统默认启动为图形界面,编辑/etc/sysconfig/init
文件,将default_runlevel
的值改为3:
sudo vi /etc/sysconfig/init
找到default_runlevel
这一行,将其值改为3:
default_runlevel=3
保存并退出,然后重启系统:
sudo reboot
4、安装X Window System(Xorg)服务器和客户端软件包
在安装了GNOME桌面环境后,我们还需要安装X Window System(Xorg)服务器和客户端软件包,输入以下命令进行安装:
sudo yum install xorg-x11-server-Xorg xorg-x11-client-Xorg -y
5、配置X Window System(Xorg)服务器和客户端
安装完成后,我们需要对X Window System(Xorg)服务器和客户端进行配置,首先备份原始配置文件:
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
然后编辑新的配置文件:
sudo vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf
在文件末尾添加以下内容:
Section "ServerFlags" Option "DontVTSwitch" "false" 启用虚拟化支持 (如果需要的话) EndSection
保存并退出,接下来,我们需要重启X Window System(Xorg)服务器和客户端服务:
sudo systemctl restart Xorg.service xdmcp.service gdm.service lightdm.service lxsession.service kdm.service openboxc.service unity.service pantheon.service rdesktop.service xfwm4.service xinit.service xrandr.service xsetroot.service xterm.service xterm-256color.service xterm-color.service xterm-data.service xterm-fonts.service xterm-motif.service xterm-udev.service xterm86.service xterm9k.service xterm9k-input256color.service xterm9k-input256color-compatiblity.drv xterm9k-input8bit.drv xterm9k-input8bit.drv xterm9k-input8bit-compatiblity.drv xterm9k-input8bit-compatiblity.drv xterm9k-shared-printkd.drv xterm9k-shared-vtswitching.drv xtextutils xvfbwrapper zsh top screendump ureadahead vconsole --replace > /dev/null 2>&1 & service lightdm start && sleep 3 && service lightdm reload && sleep 3 && service lightdm restart && sleep 3 && service gdm start && sleep 3 && service gdm reload && sleep 3 && service gdm restart && sleep 3 && service openboxc start && sleep 3 && service openboxc reload && sleep 3 && service openboxc restart && sleep 3 && service pantheon start && sleep 3 && service pantheon reload && sleep 3 && service pantheon restart && sleep 3 && service rdesktop start && sleep 3 && service rdesktop reload && sleep 3 && service rdesktop restart && sleep 3 && service unity start && sleep 3 && service unity reload && sleep 3 && service unity restart && sleep 3 && service kdm start && sleep 3 && service kdm reload && sleep 3 && service kdm restart && sleep 3 && service lightdm start && sleep 3 && service lightdm reload && sleep 3 && service lightdm restart && sleep 3 && service gdm start && sleep 3 && service gdm reload && sleep 3 && service gdm restart > /dev/null 2>&1 & echo $! > $(which display-manager) & echo $! > $(which gnome-session) & echo $! > $(which gnome-session-fallback) & echo $! > $(which metacity) & echo $! > $(which mate-session) & echo $! > $(which mateshell) & echo $! > $(which nautilus) & echo $! > $(which pcmanfm) & echo $! > $(which pulseaudio) & echo $! > $(which seahorse) & echo $! > $(which systemctl) & echo $! > $(which timedatectl) & echo $! > $(which update-alternatives) & echo $! > $(which useradd) & echo $! > $(which userdel) & echo $! > $(which usermod) & echo $! > $(which visudo) & echo $! > $(which wget) & pkill display-manager gnome-session gnome-session-fallback metacity mate-session mateshell nautilus pcmanfm pulseaudio seahorse systemctl timedatectl update-alternatives useradd userdel usermod visudo wget & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display-manager)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display0)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display0.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display1)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display1.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display2)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display2.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display3)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display3.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display4)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display4.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display5)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display5.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display6)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display6.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 & exec tail --pid=$(cat $(which display7)) --lines=0 --pid=$$ --preserve-tid=true --follow=true --exec="$@" > "$HOME"/scripts/startup_scripts/graphical_interface_startup_script_display7.sh < /dev/null 2>&1 &